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An inmate with special needs is classified as one who has physical or mental disabilities. This classification recognizes that these individuals may require additional support, accommodations, and resources to meet their unique needs while incarcerated. In the correctional system, inmates with disabilities can face challenges related to their health, mobility, communication, and mental health. Providing appropriate care and services is essential for their well-being and ensures they have equal access to programs and services within the facility.

While inmates over a certain age may require additional considerations, the term "special needs" specifically relates to those with disabilities, which encompass a broader range of issues than age alone. Likewise, while some inmates requiring extra supervision may have special needs, this group is not solely defined by the need for supervision, as many factors contribute to their classification. An inmate's specific crime type does not inherently determine whether they belong to this category, as the focus is on their individual support requirements. Thus, individuals with physical or mental disabilities are the primary focus of the special needs classification within the correctional system.